Kindness

Rantideva who was a king, became a hermit in the forest. He had given his wealth to the poor and lived a simple life in the solitude of the jungle. He and his family had only the bare necessities of life.

One day, after a fast of forty-eight hours, a light meal of rice with milk and sugar was prepared for him.

A poor Brahmin came up to the door of the hut and asked for food. Rantideva gave him half of his rice. Then came a Sudra begging for help and Rantideva gave him half of what remained.


Then he heard a dog barking; the poor beast seemed to be starving. Rantideva gave him what was left. Last of all came a Pariah who stopped at the hermit's door and asked for help. Rantideva gave him the milk and the sugar, and continued to fast.


Then came four gods who said to him:


"It was to us, Rantideva, that you gave food, for we assumed the forms of a Brahmin, a Sudra, a dog and a poor outcaste. You were good to us all and we praise you for your loving thoughts."




A kind heart treats all men and even animals as members of one family, one humanity.

Orderliness

In the parlour of an old farmhouse there was an antique grandfather clock which for more than a hundred and fifty years had never ceased ticking faithfully. Every morning at daybreak when the farmer came down, the first thing he would do was to visit the clock to be sure that it was right. Now it happened one morning that as he went into the parlour as usual, the clock began to speak:

"For more than a century and a half," it said, "I have been working without a stop and keeping perfect time. Now I am tired; don't I deserve to take a rest and stop ticking?"


"Your complaint is unjustified, my good clock," the shrewd farmer replied, "for you are forgetting that between each tick you have a second's rest."


After a moment's thought, the clock began to work again as usual.


In orderly work fatigue and rest balance each other, and that regularity avoids much pain and effort.


At first it may take some pains to acquire order. Nothing can be learnt without an effort; nor is it easy to learn, but success comes little by little. 
After a certain time, we can learn to do things in an orderly way without the least difficulty. And more and more, we find disorder painful and disagreeable.
Order always in the end becomes a habit.
And above all, being orderly, regular, punctual, must not prevent one from being happy and smiling. It is not necessary to pull a long face when carrying out a task exactly. 

Self-Reliance

He was a prince of ancient times and his name was Gushtasp.

He was much annoyed that his father did not treat him as heir to the throne, so he left his native land and wandered to the West. Alone and hungry, he realised that from then on he would have to work for his living. So he went to the sovereign of the land and said to him:
"I am a skilled writer and I should be happy to be employed as a scribe."
He was told to wait for a few days, for no scribes were needed at the moment. But he was too hungry to wait, so he went to the camel-drivers to ask for work.
They did not need any new helper; however, seeing his dire need, they gave him something to eat.
A little further on, Gushtasp stopped at the door of a forge and offered his services to the smith.
"Here," said the man to him, "you can help me to hammer this piece of iron." And he placed a hammer in Gushtasp's hands.
The prince had tremendous strength. He lifted the heavy hammer, brought it down on the anvil and smashed it at the first stroke. The smith was furious and immediately turned him out.

And so Gushtasp started wandering once more in great distress.
Whichever way he turned, there was no way in which he could show his usefulness.

At last he met a farmer working in a cornfield, who took pity on him and gave him food and shelter.
One day there came the news that the daughter of the king of Rum was of an age to marry and that all young men of princely family were invited to the royal banquet. Gushtasp decided to go there and sat at table among all the others. Princess Kitaban saw him, loved him and gave him a bunch of roses as a token of her favour.

The king took a violent dislike for Gushtasp in his poverty. He dared not forbid his daughter to marry him, but as soon as they were married he drove them out of his palace. So they went to live in the heart of the forest and built their hut not far from a river.
Gushtasp was a great hunter. Each day he would cross the river by boat, catch an elk or a wild ass, give half to the boatman and take the rest home to his wife.
One day the boatman brought a young man named Mabrin to see Gushtasp.

"My Lord," said Mabrin, "I wish to marry the second daughter of the king, your wife's sister, but I cannot unless I kill the wolf who is ravaging the king's lands. And I do not know how to do it."
"I will do it for you," said Gushtasp the hunter.
He went out into the desert and when he found the monster, he shot it down with two arrows and then cut off its head with his hunting knife.

The king came to see the dead beast, and in his joy gave his second daughter to Mabrin.
Some time later, the boatman brought another young man named Ahrun to see Gushtasp. Ahrun wished to marry the third daughter of the king, but first he had to kill a dragon. Gushtasp promised that he would accomplish this new feat.
He took some knives and made them into a ball bristling with sharp points. Then he set out on his quest and found the dragon with fiery breath. He shot many arrows at the body of the monster, leaping from side to side to avoid its claws. Then he fastened the ball of knives to the end of a pike and thrust it down the dragon's throat. The dragon closed its jaws and fell. Then the prince dispahed it with his sword.

Thus Ahrun married the third daughter of the king.
You will not be surprised to hear that in the course of time such a valiant prince became the king of Persia in succession to his father. It was during the reign of Gushtasp that the holy prophet Zerdusht, or Zoroaster, taught the Persians faith in rmazd, Lord of light and sun and fire and of righteousness and justice.

None is more worthy of respect than one who, relying on himself, is able by his own effort not only to provide for all his needs, but to increase the well-being and the prosperity of those around him.

Introduction to CFD - Part V : Solutions

Solutions

Once the preprocessing is done, means once we have good mesh, we can import the mesh in specific solver are solve the desired governing equations. This step is called as solution step. The tools which take mesh as input and carryout the solution of selected governing equations are called as solvers. 

In typical solver we will be doing following steps:

a) Selecting the appropriate solvers

i) Pressure based or density based

b) Selecting the mathematical equations to be solved

i) Steady state or unsteady state equations

ii) Compressible of incompressible equations

iii) Laminar or turbulent flow equations

iv) Energy equation

v) Multiphase flow equations

vi) Radiation equations 

           And many more based on the physics you want to simulate

 c) Selecting the material properties

i) Fluid Material (Water, air etc...)

ii) Solid Material (Copper, Aluminum etc...)

d) Assigning appropriate boundary conditions

i) Inlet Boundary:

- Example 1 : Velocity Inlet with 10 m/s and normal to boundary

- Example 2: Total pressure at inlet = 101325 Pa (Gauge)

- Example 3: Mass flow rate at inlet = 12 Kg/s

ii) Outlet Boundary

- Example 1 : Pressure at outlet = 0 (Gauge)

- Example 2 : Mass flow at outlet = 10.2 Kg/s

- Example 3 : 50 % flow is going out of the outlet

iii) Wall Boundary

- Example 1 : Adiabatic and no slip boundary

- Example 2 : Constant temperature 400 K and no slip boundary

iv) Fluid domain conditions

- Example 1 : Working media is air and domain is rotating with 1000 rpm

- Example 2: Working media is water

v) Solid domain conditions

- Example 1 : Heat generation rate in solid = 20 W/m³

           Any many more depending on the problem that you are simulating

e) Selecting the Solutions controls

i) Selecting discritization schemes

- Example : 1^st order for pressure and 2^nd order for density

ii) Selecting under relaxation factors

iii) Selecting pressure correction methods

- SIMPLE/SIMPLEC/PISO

iv) Selecting the CFL number 

f) Providing the initial guess of the solution

g) Putting some monitors for getting idea about if my solution is converged or not

h) Carrying out the solution

You may not be in position to appreciate most of the above steps. But all the above steps will be explained in detail in chapters to come. You will come to know the meaning and importance of each and every step written above but the only conditions is you should keep on reading.

The overall idea of task carried out in solver is to solve the selected set of equations with specified boundary conditions for selected materials using selected numerical schemes

The type of numerical scheme and solution strategy will depend on which type of equations we will be solving, which type of boundary conditions we will be using and what type of geometry is involved in the problem.

Following chart will give an overall idea about inputs needed for any solver

Source: "http://blog.learncax.com"